黄河泛滥、河道变迁与农地制度技术策略——以清代至民国的山、陕黄河滩地历史文献为中心

The Flooding and Channel Shifting of Yellow River and the Technological Strategies Concerning Farmland System——A Study focusing on the Historical Documents of Beach Lands of the Yellow River in Shanxi and Shannxi from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of

黄河小北干流(龙门至潼关)河道游荡性强,引发滩地的面积、位置、壤质等变化,导致山西、陕西两省沿河村庄的争斗。清代至民国时期,中央政府在部分河段采取了几何边界划分原则,放弃了"以河为界"的自然边界原则。沿河居民为了适应环境与土地的变动,面临着划分边界、界定产权的困难,在长期的实践中,形成了黄河滩地农田制度、土地所有权的技术策略。

The minor north mainstream of the Yellow River （the Longmen --Tongguan section） is characterized by the changeability of its channel. The flooding and channel shifting led to changes in the size, location and soil quality of flood land, which consequently resulted in conflicts in villages of Shanxi and Shannxi along the river. From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the Central Government replaced the original principle of ＂taking the river as a natu- ral boundary＂ with a geometric principle to demarcate fixed boundaries in some parts of the river. Faced with the problem of demarcating land and defining prop- erty rights, dwellers along the river who sought and found technological strate- gies concerning the farming system of flood land and land ownership in years of practice to adapt to the changes of environment and land.