黄土高坡托起的圣仪:陕北左村祭仪变迁研究

The Sacred Ceremony on the Loess Plateau:The Transition of Ancestor Worship Ritual in the Zuo Village in Northern Shaanxi

从时间、空间、仪式、信仰、宗教权威、参与人员等六要素考察左村祭祖仪式的变迁。认为在黄土高坡这一古老地域文化的浸染下,左村的祭祖仪式虽然在流动性愈加强烈的社会中有一些形式上的适应性调整,但是仪式中所强调的血缘关系以及对祖先的崇敬始终在族人心中占据重要位置。以家族为主办单位的祭祖以形式之变为主,在信仰观念上仍以尊崇祖先为主导。同时,祭祖强调人伦道德,恢复的是做人的底线,这也是在相对失范的社会背景之下进行的"补救"措施。

This paper probes into the transition of the ancestor worship rit ual in Zuo Village based on the six key factors of time, space, ritual, belief, reli- gious authority and participant. It is found that although the ancestor worship rit- ual in Zuo village, under tile influence of the ancient regional culture of the Loess Plateau, has undergone some changes in its form to adapt the increasingly dy- namic mobile society, the blood tie and the respects for ancestors stressed in the ritual is always considered vital by the clansmen. The ancestral worship still dominates the family-leading ancestor worship rituals in belief and ideology though with a few changes in form. Meanwhile, the ancestor worship emphasizes the ethics and morality in order to restore the bottom line of a humanbeing, which could become a ＂remedy＂ to the relatively anomic society.