生态环境变迁与秦汉王朝辽西经营

The Influences of Eco-Environmental Changes on the Management of Liaoxi by Qin and Han Dynasties

生态环境影响社会历史发展。秦汉气候曾由温暖湿润转而干燥寒冷,地处"北边"的辽西农耕、游牧民族深受影响。王朝边政变化,温暖期"向北扩张拓边",寒冷期向内收缩、"以夷制夷"。秦、西汉气候温暖湿润,王朝利用辽西水土等生态资源发展交通、营建城邑,繁荣当地社会。东汉气候干燥寒冷,辽西生态环境变迁,内陆"风沙活动强烈"、濒海地带夏秋"大水"、冬季"寒且旱"。辽西交通格局变化,"卢龙—平刚"道"陷坏断绝"、辽西"傍海道不通",诸多城邑被废弃、"百姓流亡",社会凋敝。辽西生态环境变迁影响中原王朝经营东北,高句丽民族强大难治、公孙氏割据辽东或与此有关。

The ecological environment influences the development of history and society. In Qin and Han Dynasties, the climate changed from warm and hu- mid to dry and cold, deeply influencing those agricultural and nomadic people in Liaoxi, an area to the North of China, the frontier polities of the two dynasties were also changed subsequently. The northward progresses of dynasties usually occurred in warm spells while the southward contraction and ＂play one barbarian state against another＂ took place during cold spells. The climate in Qin and West- ern Han Dynasties was warm and humid so the central governments took advan- tage of ecological resources in Liaoxi to develop transportation and construction of cities which boomed the local society. The ecological environment of Liaoxi was changed when climate in Eastern Han Dynasty turned dry and cold. The in- land suffered from severe sand drift, while the coastal region was tortured by flood in summer and autumn and by frost and drought in winter. The ＂Lulong- Pinggang＂ Route sank and was discontinued and the ＂Coastal Road＂ became im- passable, which consequently changed the transportation pattern in Liaoxi. Many cities were abandoned and lots of people went into exile, which led to the depres- sion of the local society. The change of the ecological environment in Liaoxi even influenced the management of Northeast China by the central government, which might result in the powerful rise and disobedience of Koguryo and the separation of Liaodong by the Gongsun Family.