《大越史记全书》所记“鲳(鱼公)鱼”和“鯸鱼”考释

Research and explaination about“鲳(鱼公)鱼”and“鯸鱼”in Dai Viet Su Ky Toan Thu

越南古代汉文史书和文献中,常有文人雅士借用与越南语读音相同或相似的汉字对越南某些特有地名或物名进行注音,以保持其越语读音的措词现象。这些用中文注音的越语特有名词往往不能按中文字面进行理解。《大越史记全书》所记"鲳(鱼公)鱼"和"鯸鱼"即其中的一个例子。从历史语言学、音韵学、中国南方方言与越南语的关系等方面对该词进行考释,结果显示:就词义而言"鲳(鱼公)鱼"和"鯸鱼"即今日越南语之江豚或海豚;就语音而言,"鯸"有两个汉越音"hau"和"heo",前者源于""的古汉语读音,后者则源于客家方言"鯸"的读音。

It is a phenomenon of phraseology occurring frequently in ancient Vietnamese history books and documents written in Chinese that Vietnamese li- terati borrowed some Chinese characters with pronunciation identical or similar to that of Vietnamese to make phonetic notation of certain proper names of place and objects to reserve their Vietnamese pronunciation. However, such kinds of Chinese characters can＇t be understood according to their literal meaning.＂鲳（鱼公）鱼＂ and ＂鯸鱼＂ in Dai Viet Su Ky Toan Thu are the cases in point. In order to figure out what ＂鲳（鱼公）鱼＂ and ＂鯸鱼＂ are, this paper studies and explains from perspectives of historical linguistics, Chinese phonology, the relationship be- tween southern Chinese dialects and Vietnamese language etc. It is found that ＂＂鲳（鱼公）鱼＂ and ＂鯸鱼＂ are actually ＂ca heo＂ or ＂ca hau＂ in modern Vietnamese, meaning ＂porpoises＂ or ＂dolphins＂. What＇s more, in terms of pronunciation, ＂鯸＂ can he pronounced in two different ways in Sine-Vietnamese-＂ hau＂ and ＂ heo＂. The former preserves the ancient affected by the Hakka dialect of China. Chinese pronunciation, while the latter is