从介词悬空到否定副词——兼论“无以”与“难以”的共现与趋同

Co-occurrence and Neutralization of Negative Adverbs Wuyi and Nanyi

"无以"和"难以"都有两个义项,一般只能充当状语,修饰VP后能充当定语、补语、宾语。两者经常用在双重否定格式后项。"无以"在副词化之前已形成一些双重否定构式与四字格成语,"难以"的承接式及四字格习语要到现代才逐渐定型。"无以"和"难以"从跨层短语到否定副词,功能上逐渐唯状化,语义上则继承或发展了凭借方式的否定义,随着二者频繁共现、配合,否定功能已呈现出同质化趋势。

Both wuyi（无以） and ncmyi（难以）, have two meanings. They are generally used as an adverbial modifier. When they are used to modify ＂VP＂, the ＂VP＂ can be used as an attributive, a complement or an object. They are often used in double negative constructions in a format system. Before the lexiealization, wuyi had formed to be adverb and some had formed double negation constructions or four-character-idioms, while nanyi had to be undertake the type to four-character idioms and to be modern gradually shaping. Wuyi and nanyi from cross-layer phrases to suffix adverbs, the function gradually only shape, semantic inherited negative way, by virtue of righteousness, with two frequent co-occurrence, coordination, negative function of the two negative adurbs have been showing a trend of neutralization.