应用神经决策学方法探讨精神心理相关疾病发病机制的思考

The research on the pathogenesis of the related mental and psychological diseases with decision neuroscience

许多心理精神相关疾病如边缘人格障碍、孤独症、社会恐惧症、抑郁症、焦虑症等具有社会人际功能障碍的特征。如社交恐惧症患者对社会结果过度敏感;抑郁症患者对负性结果敏感性增高,对社会奖励信号反应迟钝,对负性情绪敏感性增高等;焦虑障碍患者在社会价值评估或社会概率评估方面对负性概率事件敏感性增高,导致其社会学习负性偏向和人际功能损伤。这些改变均与其决策加工过程异常有关。神经决策学是认知神经科学与经济学和定量计算科学交叉融合产生的一门学科,其提供了许多具有特征性的研究范式,如社会价值评估、社会风险选择等,可以观察社会人际功能及行为相互作用的变化,从而探讨诸如焦虑、抑郁等相关心理疾病的发病机制。应用神经决策任务范式结合脑影像基因学技术可以探讨患有心理精神相关疾病患者社会困难的行为学机制和神经生物学机制。这些技术在研究人际社会正常功能以及功能障碍方面提供了一个较好的架构,可以发现一些定量性的生物标记指标。因此,作为一个新颖的应用研究方向,值得深入探讨。

Many mental and psychological diseases such as borderline personality disorder （BPD）, autism （ASD）,social phobia, depression,and anxiety have the characteristics of social interpersonal dysfunction. Patients with social phobia are excessively sensitive to social outcomes.Patients with depression increase their sensitivity to negative results, they are unresponsive to social reward signal and are more sensitive to negative emotions.Patients with anxiety disorder amplify the sensitivity to the negative probability events in the evaluation of social value evaluation or social probability, leading to negative bias in social learning and interpersonal function injury.These changes are related to their decision-making process.The intersection of cognitive neural science, economics and quantitative calculation produces a new interdisciplinary science, decision neuroscience, which provides many characteristic research paradigm, such as social value, social risk selection, and it can observe the changes in interpersonal function and interaction of social behaviors, so as to investigate the mechanism of mental disorders such as anxiety, and depression. Application of neural decision making task paradigm with brain imaging genetics technology can explore the behavior and neurobiology mechanism of patients suffering from mental and psychological diseases with social difficulties.These techniques provide a good framework in the study of social function and dysfunction,and are helpful to find biomarkers of quantitative indicators of the mental and psychological related diseases.Therefore, as a new research direction,it is worthy of further discussion.