急停起跳落地阶段的下肢生物力学分析

Biomechanics of Lowerextremity During the Landing of Stop-jump Phase

比较了不同性别间的运动学参数差异,采用皮尔森相关系数检验确定了下肢动力学和运动学参数间的相关性.结果表明:女性受试者在整个落地阶段膝、髋关节最大屈曲角度、前后方向上摩擦力峰值、膝关节屈伸力矩峰值出现了显著性的减小.落地阶段髋关节屈曲角度与前后方向上的摩擦力峰值呈现显著相关.落地初期膝关节屈曲角度与前后方向上摩擦力峰值和垂直方向上地面反作用力均呈现显著相关.落地初期膝、髋关节的屈曲角度不一定会降低落地阶段的冲击力,但是积极的髋、膝关节活动可以降低落地阶段的冲击力.落地初期髋、膝关节的活动度是影响膝关节前十字交叉韧带损伤的重要因素.

This study compares the kinematics difference among different genders. Pearson correlation is used to determine the correlation between the kinematics and the kinetics in lower limbs. Results are as follows： Knee and hip maximum flexion angle, peak posterior-ground reaction force and peak knee extension moment significantly decrease during the landing of the stop-jump period with the female test-takers. The hip flexion angle at the initial foot contact is in significant correlation with the peak posterior-ground reaction force during landing of the stop-jump phase. The knee flexion angle at the initial foot contact shows significant correlation with peak posterior-ground reaction force and vertical-ground reaction forces during landing of the stop-jump phase. The hip and knee flexion angles at the initial foot contact with the ground do not necessarily reduce the impact force during landing, whereas the active hip and knee flexion motions do. The hip and knee flexion motion of landing acts as the key factors that affects anterior cruciate ligament loading during the landing of the stop-jump phase.