民族性与边疆性:新疆城市发展的特点

Ethnicity and the Nature of Frontiers: the Characteristics of Urban Development in Xinjiang

新疆自古以来就是多民族与多文化的汇聚地,其对清代及民国时期新疆城市的空间布局和建筑产生了巨大的影响,内地汉文化和新疆多民族文化在新疆城市建设过程中相互作用,形成了新的特色,即双城结构,甚至多城结构。清代民国时期新疆的多个民族和多元文化对城市居民的生活习俗也产生了重要的影响。20世纪中叶以后新疆城市民族构成及文化多元进一步发展,在城市建设、宗教、民俗等层面都产生了深远的影响。新疆的边疆性特征,使得其在军事上和边贸上的功能突出。清前中期新疆建立大批军事城市,至清末民国时期,这些城市的军事功能仍然发挥重要作用。20世纪中期以后一批兵团城市和军垦城镇出现,并得到较大的发展,"屯垦戍边"向"建城戍边"转型。

Located in northwest China, and covering an area of 166 square kilometers, Xin- jiang is China＇s largest province. The civilization in Xinjiang started very early, and there was already human activity as early as the Paleolithic period. More than 2000 years ago, there were already several cities and kingdoms there. Because Xinjiang is located in central Asia, and is a crossroads between the east and west, many cultures and people communicated, exchanged and fused there--this had an important influence on the urban development in Xinjiang. Xinjiang has been an important part of China since the Han dynasty; It borders with several countries; it has been playing an important function in consolidating national defense, and safeguarding the national security. Meanwhile, it has also been overseeing economic and cultural exchanges with neighboring countries. This has deeply influenced urban development in Xinjiang. The military and border trade function of these cities in Xinjiang have been prominent from early times. Since the Qing Dynasty, ethnicity and the concept of frontier have constituted an important feature of the urban development in Xinjiang.