竹夏“一地多名”考释

Zhuxia,a Place with Many Names

今吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦的多个历史地名均源于其藏文名称竹夏()。竹夏位于象雄、吐蕃、西域绿洲邦国、印度、中亚、西亚、波斯、希腊等多个文化圈的契合部,是古代象雄的西部属国,因受多种语言同音异写的影响,形成了"一地多名"的显著特征。竹夏作为中西历史地理交通的枢纽,其"一地多名"的特点也提醒我们,应从"自东向西"的角度,重新审视以西藏苯教为代表的象雄文明向周边国家与地区传播、渗透与互融的过程。

Today＇s Gilgit-Baltistan had many different names in history and they all came from the Tibetan name Zhuxia which was a vassal state of ancient Zhang Zhung,located in a joint area of different cultural circles formed by ancient Zhang Zhung,Tubo,states of Western Oasis,India,Central Asia,Western Asia,Persia and Greek. Under the influence of homophones of different languages,it became a place with different names. As a geographical and transportation hub in both Chinese and Western history,Zhuxia＇ s characteristic of ＂one place with many names＂reminds us that we should reexamine the process of spreading,permeating and fusion of Zhang Zhung civilization represented by Tibetan Bonism in peripheral countries and regions from East to West.