论拓跋鲜卑的“神元”崇拜

Tuoba-Xianbei's Worship for the Kamimoto Emperor

英明神武的拓跋力微是鲜卑历史上的杰出领袖,他结束了始自圣武帝晚期的内乱,团结部盟成员,巩固王权,开创了具有转折意义的盛乐时代,积极推进本部族的文明进程,为日后入主中原奠定了坚实的基础。鉴于他的丰功伟绩,北魏开国后追尊始祖神元帝的称号,使其稳坐太庙之首,接受臣民的朝拜。神化力微是拓跋祖先崇拜的高度概括,具体表现在宗教信仰、族群建构、身份归属和政治认同诸方面,深刻地影响北魏政坛与社会。拓跋鲜卑的神元崇拜具有本民族鲜明的特色,有别于其他东北亚种群,是研究拓跋发展史的重要资料。

The brilliant Tuoba Liwei was the great leader in the history of the Xianbei nationality who suppressed the insurrection started from the latter period of the Shengwu emperor. He united other tribesmen, consolidated the King＇s power and created a turnpoint Shengle times which promoted own civilization pr^ess and lay the solid foundation for governing the central plains. According to Liwei＇s achievement, he was posthumously awarded the Kamimoto title that was the chief of the imperial ancestral temple accepting people＇s worship. The Liwei deification was the high generalization of the Tuoba ancestor worship, which played an important role on the field of religion belief, ethnic cohesion, identity ascription and political identification that profoundly shaped the politics and society. The Kamimoto worship was characteristic so became the significant information for Tuoba＇s development.