布衣修史:晚明史学的一叶扁舟

Civilians Compiling History: A Phenomenon of Historiography in late Ming Dynasty

史学的官方性格与民间性格之间的矛盾是中国史学发展的基本动力之一,反映史学民间性格的布衣修史现象就是一个重要表征,以官方与民间双重视野来省视这一矛盾有助于加深对中国史学发展路径的理解。在唐宋以降平民化趋势加剧的历史背景下,晚明布衣阶层话语权势增强。这有力地冲击了僵化的社会结构、没落的等级秩序和腐朽的身份体制,并深刻地波及史学领域。晚明时代,布衣寒士不仅积极主动地投身于历史创造,还饱满激情地致力于历史书写。"史在布衣"现象成为晚明史学平民化的标志,推动了中国古代史学由"官史"向"民史"的演进,在数千年来中国史学的辩证实践中具有显著的进步意义。

The contradiction between official views on history and civil views on history has been one of the driving forces of Chinese historiography. Civilians compiling History is one of the features reflecting the civil nature in historiography. To view the contradiction from the two aspects can deepen our understanding of the path of Chinese historiography. The civil discourse became prominent in historiography since Tang and Song Dynasties, which had an impact on the rigid social structure, hierarchicality, identity system and even historiography. The civilian in Late Ming devoted not only to history creation but also to historiography. The phenomenon of ＂History resting in Civilian＂ became the symbol of the plebification in historiography, and pushed the historiography evolvement from official to civil, h is of great significance in the development of Chinese historiography.