近15年国家自然科学基金稻、麦类作物遗传育种领域项目申请情况分析

Analysis of NSFC Program Applications in Rice and Wheat Crops Genetics and Breeding Fields in Recent 15 Years

国家自然科学基金是国家支持基础研究的主要渠道之一。本文以15年(1998—2012年)来国家自然科学基金中稻、麦类作物遗传育种面上类项目申请数据为依据,对稻、麦类作物遗传育种学研究的现状与趋势从研究领域和研究层次2个维度进行了深入分析。分析数据显示,15年来稻、麦类各类型项目申请量呈上升趋势,其中稻类项目的申请总量高于麦类项目。从研究领域来看,稻类研究项目申请量最多的是发育生物学,占稻类申请量的37.4%;其次是抗性,占27.6%。麦类作物研究主要集中在抗性研究领域上,占麦类申请量的38.1%;其次是发育及品质,分别占23.7%和21.5%。从研究层次来看,随着水稻基因组测序的完成,稻类研究领先于小麦研究。稻类研究项目申请量最多的基因克隆与功能分析,占稻类申请量的41.6%;其次是分子标记与基因定位,占28.8%。麦类研究申请量最多的是分子标记与基因定位,占麦类申请量的36.5%;其次是基因克隆与功能分析,占28.2%。综合国内外研究现状,建议今后在继续加强对围绕高产、优质、高效、抗逆等研究持续资助的基础上,积极支持将基因组学、生物技术和生物信息学与传统作物学相结合的基础研究。

The National Natural Science Foundation of China（NSFC） is one of the main channels of our country to support basic research. In order to provide references for determining the priority fields and directions in the disciplines of genetics and breeding of rice and wheat crops supported by NSFC, the research status and trends in rice and wheat crops genetics and breeding fields were analyzed based on their application data. The data showed that the application numbers in both rice and wheat genetics and breeding fields kept on increasing in recent 15 years, in which, the number of applications about rice was more than that about wheat. The data on research fields showed that the most applications in rice were about development biology, accounting for 37.4%, followed by resistance, accounting for 27.6%. The most applications in wheat were about resistance, accounting for 38.1%, followed by development and quality, accounting for 23.7% and 21.5%, respectively. The data on research levels showed that the most applications in rice were about gene clone and function analysis, accounting for 41.6%, the next was about molecular marker and gene mapping, accounting for 28.8%. The most applications in wheat was about molecular marker and gene mapping, accounting for 36.5%, the next was about gene clone and function analysis, accounting for 28.2%. Based on the domestic and foreign research status, suggestions were proposed that the funding to the researches about high productivity, high quality, and resistance should be continually strengthened, furthermore, the basic researches combining genomics, biotechnology and bioinformatics with traditional biology should be encouraged.