《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》“主体”身份阐释

Interpretation about Subject Identity in The Speech at the Forum of Art and Literature in Yan'an

从"五四"到"左翼",文学创作主体多兼有文学家和革命家的身份。在《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》(以下简称《讲话》)中,作为创作主体的作家被"文艺工作者"及"革命作家"等名称各异的指称替换,突出革命性和服务性。《讲话》对文艺工作者身份的指称,是文艺工作者"个人"身份的确认及他们身份魅化的合法来源。从"文艺工作者"服务的阶级、他们的职业和情感这三个方面分析,皆可见创作主体对"人民"这一接受主体的构建,目的是更好地为"工农兵"服务,构建文艺工作者和接受者之间,即创作主体/接受主体这一对联系紧密的话语范畴。相比20世纪90年代以来作家的身份而言,服务性的减弱和个性的增强,更凸显《讲话》中的创作主体为接受者服务的当下意义。

From the May 4th Movement to Left-wing Literature Movement＂, subjects of literature creation share thedouble identity of both writers and revolutionaries. In The Speech, they are referred to as ＂literary and art workers＂and ＂revolutionary writers＂, having the characteristic of revolution and service. Their references are their individu-al identity and legal sources of their enchanted identity. Analysis of the writers＇ receptor subjects, profession and e-motions enables us to get to know the building of the relationship between the creators and receptors, their purposeof serving the workers, farmers and soldiers, and the closely related pair＇s category. Compared with the writers＇ i-dentity since the 1990s, the current significance of writers＇ serving their target readers is highlighted in its weake-ning in service and strengthening in individuality