广州轨道交通枢纽零售业的特征聚类及时空演变

Characterizing the spatio-temporal evolution of retail business at transfer hubs of Guangzhou Metro

轨道交通开发与城市商业空间演变的关系是城市交通和商业地理研究领域中的一个热点问题。以广州市轨道交通投入运营的14个换乘枢纽为研究对象,在对换乘枢纽区位信息和零售商业集聚特征指标提取和计算的基础上,分析换乘枢纽零售商业空间的类型、时空演变的过程及形态特征,探讨城市交通与零售业发展对轨道交通枢纽站点商业空间形成的影响。结果表明:1广州轨道交通换乘枢纽商业空间可划分为4个类型:门户型商业中心;区域型商业中心;枢纽型商业中心和社区型商业中心。2换乘枢纽商业空间的演变经历点状、面状和放射状结构三个阶段的发展,轨道交通网络的空间演化与城市新旧商业中心的动态发展之间具有一定的耦合性。在城市轨道交通发展初期,地铁在促进门户型商业中心的繁荣方面表现突出。当轨道交通体系形成后,轨道交通的作用由中心城区逐渐向边缘城区和外围新建城区拓展,在具有较高消费能力的区域建成新的商业中心并形成消费引导,对区域型商业中心、枢纽型商业中心和社区型商业中心等地铁商业空间的形成起到重要的促进作用。3受交通(规划与建设)、商业(配套与环境)两方面因素的共同作用,换乘枢纽商业空间集聚在微观形态上的演变路径可分为商业导向和交通导向两种关系类型,不同类型的枢纽商业空间在交通与商业均衡发展的程度上存在分异。4轨道交通与零售商业互动发展对换乘枢纽商业空间的影响主要体现在4个方面:强化门户型商业中心的核心竞争力;提升区域型商业中心的服务等级和作用;抑制枢纽型商业中心的多业态组合经营;推进社区型商业中心的形成和发展。

The relationship between urban rail transit development and commercial space evolution is a hot issue in the studies of urban transportation and business geography. The paper aims to provide insights into the macro and micro characteristics and spatio-temporal evolution of retail business at transfer hubs of Guangzhou Metro. The R cluster analysis is used to classify the 14 transfer hubs of the Guangzhou urban rail transit system into different types based on connectivity and surrounding business. The spatio-temporal evolution process and morphological features of retail business space at transfer hubs are examined as well. Furthermore, the influence of interaction between the transportation and commerce on business space at transfer hubs is explored. According to the research, four highlights are unveiled： （1） The business space at transfer hubs of Guangzhou Metro can be classified into four types, namely Gateway, Regional, Hub and Community centers. （2） At the macro-level, the evolution of business space at the transfer hubs experienced three phases： the point clusters （during 1997- 2003）, surface clusters （during 2004-2008）, and radial clusters （during 2009-2012） in the past 16 years. There exists a coupling effect between the spatial expansion of the rail transit network and the growth of business centers from the inner cities to the suburbs. At the initial stage of urban rail transit, the metro system played an important role in boosting the prosperity of Gateway business centers. Later on, the function of rail transportation gradually radiated from downtown to suburban areas. In this radiation process, the metro system has accelerated the development of business construction at the areas with high consumption capacities and also formation of other metro business spaces such as Regional, Hub and Community business centers. （3） At the micro-level, business space at the transfer hubs can be divided into business- oriented and transit-oriented. （4） The influence of interaction between the transportation and commerce on business space at transfer hubs mainly goes as the following four aspects： strengthening the core competitiveness of the Gateway business centers, improving the service levels and functions of the Regional business centers, confining the multi-form operation of the Hub business centers and promoting the formation and development of the Community business centers.