试论“虚静”说与“距离”说

Research on the “Xujing” Theory of Taoism and Western “Distance” Theory

道家的"虚静"说与西方的"距离"说都是审美鉴赏中审美主体的态度和修养,二者在揭示审美活动主体作用的特征上表现出很大的一致性,不仅在于二者都是进入审美活动之前,审美主体对审美客体的一种有动机的选择性的行为,同时,二者都是强调在审美观照中保持一种非理性的、无功利的态度。然而,由于"虚静"说和"距离"说是在不同的文化中孕育出来的,因此,二者之间仍然存在巨大的差异。首先,道家的"虚静"说与西方的"距离"说产生的哲学渊源不同;其次,"虚静"说主要强调物我两忘的状态,而"距离"说主要强调物我有别;再次,道家的"虚静"说比西方的"距离"说适用范围更广。

The ＂Xujing＂ theory of Taoism and western ＂distance＂ theory are both about the attitude and cultivation in aesthetic appreciation. The two have so many similarities in the aspects of revealing the func- tion of aesthetic subject. Not only because both of them are motivated selective behavior before entering the aesthetic activity, but also they emphasize on maintaining a non-rational and ultra-utilitarian aesthetic attitude. However, they still have great differences as they are born and bred in different cultures. Firstly, they have different philosophical origins. Moreover, ＂Xujing＂ theory emphasizes the state of forgetting the subject and the object in aesthetic activity, while the western ＂distance＂ theory mainly emphasizes the distance of the subject and object in aesthetic activity. Finally, the ＂Xujing＂ theory of Taoism has a wider range of application.