建筑工人不安全行为的模仿与学习的调查与分析

Investigation and analysis on imitation and learning of unsafe behaviors for construction workers

为了控制不安全行为在建筑工人中的传播和流行,基于社会学习理论,通过行为调查、理论分析和案例研究,对建筑工人不安全行为的模仿与学习的方式、过程和影响因素进行了研究,提出了控制不安全行为传播的策略。结果表明:模仿与学习是建筑工人不安全行为复制和传播的重要方式和途径,对新不安全行为产生起着联系和催化作用。建筑工人不安全行为的模仿与学习的方式有视听式、想象式和参与式,其中视听式是最主要方式。建筑工人不安全行为的模仿与学习的影响因素涵盖榜样及其行为、模仿者和模仿学习过程。其中,榜样的权威性和影响力是最重要的增强因素,不安全行为后果的威慑力是最重要的抑制因素。

In order to control the spreading and prevalence of unsafe behaviors among construction workers, the modes, processes and influence factors of imitation and learning of unsafe behaviors for construction workers were discussed by behaviors investigation, theoretical analysis and case study, based on the social learning theory. The results showed that： a） The imitation and learning are the main methods and ways for replicating and spreading of unsafe behaviors. It can lead to or catalyze some new unsafe behaviors, b） The modes of imitation and learning of unsafe behaviors for construction workers include audiovisual, imagining and participating, and the audiovisual is the most important one. c） The influence factors of imitation and learning of unsafe behaviors for construction workers are from the examples and their behaviors, imitators and processes of imitation and learning, among which the authority and influence of examples are the most important reinforcing factors, and the deterrent of consequence by unsafe behaviors is the most important inhibited factor.