甜菜生育过程中锌素含量变化规律及其吸收性能研究

CONTENTS AND UPTAKE CAPACITIES OF ZINCIN SUGAR BEET AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES

以6个甜菜品种为材料，在田间试验条件下，研究了不同生育期甜菜锌素含量变化、积累量及其分配、吸收性能和需求量，以其揭示甜菜体内锌素变化规律和为合理施锌提供科学依据。结果表明：1）甜菜植株中锌素含量在不同生育期有所变化和差异，含量最多的时期在苗期（5月22日），其含量分别为植株中52．69mg／kg、叶丛中54．41me,／kg、块根中38．86mg／kg，到收获期分别降为14．63mg／kg、21．04mg／kg和13．09mg／kg；2）锌素在植株中积累量随生育进程由少到多，到收获期每株甜菜积累量平均为6．29mg／株；其分配特点是：叶丛快速生长期以前，锌素分配在叶丛中多于块根，从块根及糖分增长期到收获期块根中的分配量多于叶丛；3）甜菜对锌素吸收性能最强的时期在苗期至叶丛快速生长期，每天每株甜菜吸收锌素0．073mg，其次在叶丛快速生长期至块根及糖分增长期（O．072mg／株·d），这两个时期占生育期总吸收性能的62．50％；4）甜菜需锌素量为5．61g/吨甜菜（品种间为5．08～5．92g），需锌素量为32．82mg／公斤糖（品种间为30．81—33．85mg）。

Zinc element content change, accumulation and distribution, uptake capacity and demanded quantity of six cuhivars of sugar beet （Beta vulgaris L. ） at different growth stages were studied in a field experiment.. The aim is to reveal the trend of sugar beet iron element content change and to provide scientific basis on rational iron fertilization to sugar beet. The results showed that. 1 ） Zinc content in sugar beet plant changed during different growth period. The metabolism of iron element reached the most active status at the root and sugar rapid growth stage in different cuhivars, its content was 52.69 mg/kg in the whole plant, 54.41 mg/kg in foli- age and 38.86 mg/kg in root, respectively, whereas its content were reduced to 14.63mg/kg.21.04mg/kg and 13.09mg/kg at the harvest stage, respectively. 2） The accumulation of zinc in the whole plant, with the development process, increased gradually, and reached average 6.29rag per plant at the harvest stage. Distribution characteristics of zinc is that distribution of iron in foliage is more than it in root before the foliage rapid growth stage, but distribution of iron in root is more than that in foliage from the root and sugar growth stage to the harvest stage. 3） Zinc element uptake capacities reached the highest between the seedling stage and the foliage rapid growth stage, was 0. 073 mg/plant/d; from the foliage rapid growth stage to the root and sugar growth stage took the second higher, was O. 072 mg/plant/d. Zinc accumulation in these two stages accounted for 62.50 % of the total zinc uptake capacities. 4） For production of 1 ton of sugar beet, totally 5.61 g of zinc was required （range from 5.08 to 5.92g among the six cultivars）, and for production of 1 kg of sugar, totally 32.82 mg of zinc needed to be consumed （range from30.81 to 33.85mg among the six cultivars）.