夏季校园不同下垫面生态效应研究

THE ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT UNDERLING GROUNDS OF INNER MONGOLIA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY IN SUMMER

为了评价校园生态小气候环境,本文以内蒙古农业大学东区校园内学生室外学习、运动和休闲经常涉及到的几种典型下垫面——油松林地、草坪、硬化地面为研究对象,在晴天对其主要气象要素进行测定,结果表明:13种下垫面光照度、空气温度、风速以及紫外辐照度的日变化趋势相似,都呈倒"V"字型;而空气相对湿度的日变化趋势相反,呈"V"字型;和其它两个下垫面相比,油松林地各气象要素日变化缓和,极值的差别小23种下垫面中,油松林地遮光、减弱紫外辐射效果最明显,其日平均光照度和紫外辐照度分别为3824lux、79.8W/cm,比草地和硬地分别减少89%、90%和76%、79%。3和硬化地面相比,油松林地和草坪都有明显的调节气温和增加空气湿度作用,尤其是1d的中午时段的更为明显。油松林地和草坪的日平均气温为24.6℃和28.2℃,比硬地分别低5℃和1.4℃;日平均空气相对湿度高出27%和13%4油松林地的风速多小于1m/s,其日平均风速为0.6m/s,比其它两测点分别低65%和74%。从不同下垫面的综合生态气象效应来看,油松林地远远超过草坪和硬地。

To appraise the microclimate environment of campus,The meteorological factors were detected in the eastern campus of Inner Mongolia agricultural University with 3 different surroundings. The results showed that the trend of diurnal variation of illuminance、ultraviolet radiation、air temperature and wind speed showed adverse curve shape,just for the patch forest,lawn and cement land,but the change trend of air relative humidity showed adversely. Daily range of patch forest lower than other 2 sites respectively;The average daily illuminance and ultraviolet radiation inside patch forest was 3824 lux and 79. 8W / cm respectively,which were lower 89% 、90% 和 76% 、79% than that in lawn and cement land; Compared with the cement land,the patch forest and lawn showed obvious ecological effects,especially at the noon. The average daily temperature of the patch forest and lawn lower 5 ℃ and 1. 4℃ than cement land,but its relative humidity increased 27% and 13%; The wind speed of the patch forest usually is below 1m / s,its average daily wind speed decreased 65% and 74% than other two sites. Among the three different surroundings,patch forest had the signifficent ecological effects,while the effects of lawn was greater than that of cement land.