2012-2014年深圳市南山区手足口病流行病学和病原学分析

Analysis of etiological and epidemiological characteristics of hand-footmouth disease in Nanshan district, Shenzhen, 2012-2014

目的比较深圳市南山区2012-2014年手足口病（HFMD）流行病学和病原学特征,探讨本地区手足口病流行的新特点,为手足口病防控工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对南山区手足口病例周分布和112例手足口病病例的临床资料进行分析,应用Real-time RT-PCR技术对手足口病暴发疫情的主要病原体进行检测。结果 2012-2014年南山区手足口病流行每年存在两个高峰,约第17-27周（5-7月）出现全年第一个发病高峰,约第36-40周（9-10月）出现第二个发病高峰。病例人群男性多于女性（1.33∶1）,1~4岁年龄组病例最多,占病例总数的78.6%,病例大多伴发热,出现手、足、口、臀等部位典型的皮疹,在由手足口病引起的并发症中以神经系统为主,占72.3%。在EV71型引起手足口病暴发疫情病毒中,2012和2013年占20.0%,2014年占43.5%。结论南山区手足口病流行高峰,在不同年度的流行时间存在一定差异。由EV71引起的手足口病暴发疫情中,2014年较上两年有较大上升。因此,需加强手足口病监测,有效预防手足口病流行或暴发。

Objective The aim of this paper was to investigate the new etiological and epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease（HFMD） in Nanshan district,Shenzhen during 2012-2014,and provide scientific evidence for preventing and controlling HFMD. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the weekly distribution of HFMD in Nanshan District from 2012 to 2014 and study 112 clinical cases of HFMD.The RT-PCR method was employed to detect the pathogen in outbreak of HFMD. Results The first epidemic peak of HFMD in this district was from the17 th to 27 th weeks（May to July） of the year,and the second peak was from 36 th to 40 th weeks（September and October） during 2012 to 2014.The male cases were more than that of female cases（1.33∶1）. Most cases were found in 1to 4 years old age group, accounted for 78.6% of the total HFMD cases.Fever and rash in hands, feet and mouth were occurred in most cases. Neurological symptoms were the most common complication（72.3%）. HFMD outbreaks caused by EV71 accounted for 20.0% in 2012,20.0% in 2013 and 43.5% in 2014. Conclusions The epidemic peaks were vary at different period of time during 2012-2014.HFMD outbreaks caused by EV71 had a greater increase in 2014 than that in the last two years. Therefore, we need to strengthen the surveillance of HFMD in order to prevent the outbreak of HFMD effectively.