HIV-1逃逸HLA限制性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞应答的研究进展

Research Progress in Escape Mutations of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus under Pressure of HLA-Restricted Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(Cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)在控制人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染和病毒复制过程中起关键作用。HIV-1通过在CTL表位内部或侧翼发生突变逃逸HLA限制性CTL造成的免疫压力,但是部分逃逸突变是以损失病毒适应性为代价。病毒逃逸会导致相应CTL反应水平减弱,免疫系统会产生针对突变病毒株的CTL反应。HIV-1逃逸突变与宿主的CTL反应在宿主体内相互博弈。本文重点综述CTL免疫压力下HIV-1病毒发生逃逸突变的研究进展。

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1（HIV-1）-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes（CTLs）play a critical role in the control of HIV-1infection and replication.HIV-1evades CTL mediated pressure through viral escape mutations within targeted CTLs epitopes or flanking regions,but this process is usually associated with a viral fitness cost.The mutated epitopes may weaken the level of the original CTL responses,however,the immune system holds potential to mount de-novo responses towards those newly emerged epitopes.This article briefly summarizes recent research progress regarding the competition between HIV-1＇s escape mutations and host CTL responses.