基于时窗种子提取的海洋地震资料侧面噪声压制方法

The external noise attenuation for marine seismic data based on seeds extraction within window

受过往船只噪声和平台等障碍物侧反射的影响,导致海洋地震勘探资料中存在侧面反射噪声,该类噪声具有非线性和宽频带的特征,常规方法对其难以有效衰减。为此,分析了侧反射和大船干扰两种主要侧面噪声的形成机理,提出了一种基于时窗种子提取的侧面噪声压制方法。通过对含侧面噪声的种子炮提取障碍物反射源或侧面噪声源的坐标值,自动控制噪声形态;再通过噪声时窗优化,实现了f-k域无假频滤波衰减侧面噪声。含模拟侧面噪声单炮记录的测试和实际含侧面噪声三维地震数据的试处理结果表明,该方法能有效压制侧面噪声并保护有效信号,在海洋地震资料处理中具有实际的应用价值。

The lateral reflections from passing vessels and obstacles always cause external noise on the marine seismic data,which are hardly attenuated with conventional methods in practice due to non-linear and wide frequency band characteristics.In this paper we analyzed the formation mechanism of the two external noise and proposed an external noise attenuation method based on seeds extraction within window.Based on that,the coordinate values of the obstacles reflection sources or external noise sources can be extracted from the seeds shot containing external noises and noise patterns are controlled automatically.Then the anti-alias FK filter was applied to eliminate the external noise after optimizing the noise time windows.This method is tested on both the synthetic data of shot records containing simulated external noise and the 3Dactual seismic data containing external noise.The results proved that this method can attenuate the external noise effectively and preserve the desired signals,and has significant practicability to marine seismic data processing.