宫颈微环境免疫功能与宫颈癌

The Cervical Cancer Microenvironment: an Immunologic Role in Disease

宫颈癌是全球导致女性死亡的第二大恶性肿瘤。高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)持续感染是宫颈癌发生的最主要病因。机体通过增强抗肿瘤免疫,尤其是宫颈局部微环境免疫,可使绝大多数妇女有效地消除病毒和宫颈癌前期病变,防止宫颈癌的发生。宫颈微环境免疫功能受阴道微生态系统、阴道黏膜免疫防御系统、局部微环境免疫细胞及细胞因子调节。任何一个环节发生异常,均有可能改变HPV感染引发宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)及宫颈癌发生发展的自然演变。有关宫颈微环境免疫功能异常导致宫颈癌变风险增加的机制目前尚不清楚,尚待进一步研究。

Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths for women globally worldwide. Persistent infection of high risk human papillomavirus（HR-HPV） is the main etiological factor for cervical cancer development. The changes of body immune system status especially microenvironment in situ is capable of mounting efficient immune responses against tumor antigens, so that most of the infected women can eliminate the virus and cervical precursor lesions displaying a central role in tumor progression. It is possible that vaginal microflora,vaginal mucosal defense system,immune cells and cytokines have been modulated in the cervical microenvironment. Any abnormality in the process will result in changing HPV natural history in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias（CIN） and cervical cancer. The mechanism of cervical microenvironment immune dysfunction increased the risk of cervical cancer has not yet clearly known,and remains to be deeply investigated.