血小板微粒相关研究进展

Relevant Research Progress of Platelet Micropaticles

血液中的细胞微粒可来自多种细胞,但血小板微粒(platelet microparticle,PMP)占多数。PMP是一群特殊的微粒群,既不同于多泡体产生的外体,也不同于巨核细胞源性的微粒。PMP具有完整的血小板膜蛋白和膜脂质等膜结构。不同类型的激活剂诱导形成的PMP具有多样性。PMP发挥重要的生理功能,可以协同血小板作用。此外,研究发现PMP还可介导生物活性分子在细胞间的传递,例如表面受体、胞质蛋白或RNA等,促进细胞-细胞间相互作用。近年鉴于在多种疾病患者体内均发现PMP异常,例如特发性血小板减少性紫癜、前列腺癌和风湿性关节炎等。从PMP的形成和多样性、来源、生物学功能及其相关临床疾病等方面进行综述,以期更全面、确切地揭示PMP的特性、不同病理及其相关分子机制,更好地指导进一步临床研究,为新的治疗方法提供理论基础。

Platelet microparticles（PMP） are the most abundant microparticles in the bloodstream which constituting microparticles come from a variety of cells. PMP are a heterogeneous population of vesicles. They are not only different from the exosomes which generated from the intracellular multivesicular bodies,but also different from the microparticles derived from megakaryocytes. PMP have intact membrane glycoprotein and lipid composition that is same with platelet. The diversity of PMP which induced by different activators play an important role in physiological function. PMP can work in coordination with platelet.Furthermore,it is now accepted that PMP mediate intercellular transfer of bioactive molecules for a better promotion of cell-cell communication,for instance,delivering membrane receptors,cytoplasmic proteins and even RNA to recipient cells. Recent researches have shown that the unusual level of PMP had found in patients with certain diseases,such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura,prostate cancer,rheumatoid arthritis,etc. This article reviewed the formation and diversity,generation,biological function of PMP and its related clinical diseases so as to promulgate the properties of PMP and multiple pathology progresses and relevant molecular mechanisms more inclusively and more correctly,to better guide the further clinical research,providing theoretical basis for new treatment methods.