中国海关现代化改革的回顾与反思

A Review of and Reflections on Reform and Modernization of China Customs

《海关全面深化改革总体方案》(以下简称《方案》)在海关现代化改革的进程中具有里程碑式的意义,与历次海关改革相比较,《方案》充分体现了改革精神,决心和力度前所未有。从推动海关行政管理体制和运行机制发生变革的角度看,《方案》具有"历史使命感"内涵。《方案》在推进的过程中需要若干改革子方案作支撑,既要顶层设计,也要顶层改革、改革顶层;《方案》中未设计的改革项目或内容,可能随着改革的整体推进而出现改革新需求。总体来看,《方案》存在前紧后松的问题,改革措施提出的理论分析以及分步实施的逻辑性、计划性还待加强。从实践看,先启动的项目穿透力还不够强,带动作用不够明显。改革的协同性需要加强,要处理好改革与规范的关系。改革需要不断解放思想、梯次推进。

The General Program for Comprehensively Deepening Reform of Customs（ hereinafter referred to as the Program） is a milestone in the process of Customs modernization. Compared with previous Custom reform,the present Program fully embodies the reform spirit,demonstrating unprecedented determination and intensity. From the perspective of promoting changes of Customs administrative system and operational mechanism,the Program showcases a ＂sense of historic commitment＂on the part of the management of China Customs. On the one hand,the implementation of the Program should be backed up by some sub-programs in reform,which include both top-level design and top-level initiated reform as well as reform of top-level management itself. Besides,the new reform initiatives and their corresponding action plans not yet included in the Program may be formulated as reform goes on. In general,the Program,however,seems to be problematic in that it is tight at the initial stage and loose at the end. And the theoretic basis of reform measures and the logic planning of different phases of implementation could be further strengthened.