中国古代监察巡视制度与国外监察特使制度比较研究

Comparative Study on Supervision & Inspection System of Ancient China and Foreign Supervisory Special Envoy System

中国历代帝王为维护皇权和巩固中央集权制的需要,大多注重官僚体制建设,几千年的监察制度史给我们留下了许多值得借鉴的东西。在中央对地方的监察上,一个显著特点就是皇帝和中央监察机关定期或临时派员巡视地方,这就是巡视制度。与这种制度相似,西方国家普遍设立了相关机构,如监察特使、巡视官、督察专员等,并为此颁布了相关法律,形成了较为完善的监察特使制度。对中国古代监察巡视制度与国外监察特使制度的发展历程和制度体系进行深入系统的比较研究,具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。

In order to defend imperial authority and consolidate centralism,emperors of all dynasties have attached great importance to the establishment of bureaucratic system which has provided several achievements for us to use for reference over millennia. From the perspective of supervisory system of the central government to local units,one prominent feature is the inspection system which means officials are assigned to supervise local units by emperors and central supervisory department on a regular basis or at the last moment. Similar to this system,counterpart agencies have been set up in western countries such as special envoys,ombudsmen,supervision commissioners and so on; meanwhile the relevant laws have been promulgated,and then formed a relatively perfect system of supervisory special envoy. In terms of theoretical value and realistic meaning,it is significant to systematically investigate and comparatively study the supervision and inspection system of ancient China and the foreign supervisory special envoy system from the following aspects such as the development history and system.