护理本科生皮肤损伤性职业暴露现状调查

Investigation of the status quo of occupational exposures to skin injuries among undergraduate nursing students

目的了解护理本科生皮肤损伤性职业暴露的现状并分析其原因，为制订科学的护理本科实习生职业防护教育措施提供参考依据。方法自行设计调查表，采取方便抽样的方法，抽取河南省2所本科院校的护理毕业生260人为调查对象，对影响皮肤损伤的相关原因进行分析。结果最终有效问卷238份。本科实习护生皮肤损伤的发生率为96．64％（230／238），实习初期发生率较高；导致皮肤损伤的物品主要是空心针头和玻璃安瓿；皮肤损伤时进行的操作环节主要集中在配药和回套针帽；皮肤损伤后进行的操作一般为挤出血液、流水冲洗和碘酊加乙醇的消毒，查看患者检验单的仅有58．47％（473／809）；缺乏上报意识。结论护理本科生在实习中皮肤损伤发生率较高，主要原因是操作不规范，防护意识淡漠；皮肤损伤后多为一般性处理，对损伤后的危害认识不足，需要加强护生岗前职业防护的规范化教育、健全职业暴露后处理及报告制度。

Objective To investigate the occupational exposures to skin injuries among undergraduate nursing students and analyze the causes, so as to provide advices for the standardized pre-service education of occupational protection. Methods To survey 260 students by simple sampling method using self-made questionnaire retrospectively at the end of the internship. The factors influencing skin injuries were analyzed. Results A total of 238 effective questionnaires were obtained. There were 96.64% （230/238） practice students suffered skin injuries, the incidence rate was higher at the initial phase. The injuries-risk factors were using hollow needles and glass ampoule, dispensing and back to the set of the needle cap. The preventive measures which the students executed were squeezing out blood, washing with flowing water and sterilizing with iodine and alcohol. Only 58.47% （473/809） students checked the reports of patients. Most of them were lack of the preventive awareness. Conclusions This study demonstrated that skin injuries occurred frequently among undergraduate nursing students of bachelor degree and their knowledge level about precautions was low. The standard education of preservice occupational prevention, the occupational exposure post-processing and the reporting system were very necessary.