农村妇女产后抑郁的危险因素探讨及护理干预

Study on incidence and risk factors associated with postpartum depression in rural and nursing intervention measures

目的 探讨农村妇女产后发生抑郁的相关影响因素,为护理人员能够尽早发现,及时有效进行个体化干预提供可靠的理论依据.方法 2013年6月1日至2014年5月30日对在山西医科大学附属第一医院产科住院分娩的农村产妇368名由经过培训的专业护士进行访谈式问卷调查,并采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表进行调查.对调查结果应用x2检验和非条件Logistic回归分析筛选与产后抑郁相关的独立危险因素.结果 回收有效问卷347份.347名农村产妇中,产后发生抑郁的有25.1％（87/347）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示低收入家庭[OR=0.465（0.183～0.759）]、与期盼婴儿性别不符[OR=1.982（1.238～2.562）]以及产妇陪护者是产妇婆婆[OR=2.459（1.950～2.913）]是影响农村产后抑郁的独立危险因素,均差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.结论 了解影响产后抑郁的危险因素,有针对性给予个体化的护理干预及指导,可以适当降低产后抑郁的发生率.

Objective To investigate the factors affecting rural women suffering from postpartum depression in order to provide scientific basis for rational intervention.Methods 368 rural pierperas whose deliveries were in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were surveyed by trained professional nurses with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale from May 1,2013 to April 30,2014.The data were processed by chi square test and unconditional logistic regression analysis to find the independent risk factors associated with postpartum depression.Results There were 347 valid questionnaires.The incidence of depression after delivery was 25.1% （87/347）.Logistic regression analysis showed that the low income family [OR=1.982 （1.238-2.562）],the inconformity of actual and expected baby gender [OR=0.465 （0.183-0.759）] and the mother-in-law as caregiver of pierpera [OR=2.459 （1.950-2.913）] were independent risk factors for postpartum depression of rural women,three of them are significant statistically,P〈0.05.Conclusions Understanding the risk factors for postpartum depression and being targeted to guide individually can reduce the incidence of postpartum depression.