胡塞尔现象学视域中的存在论构想

Husserl's Conception of Ontology in His Phenomenology

建立"真正的和普遍的存在论"之先验现象学是胡塞尔的毕生追求。在其现象学的视域内存在着一种存在论的构想,这种构想通过形式存在论得到了最佳的体现和实施。不过,胡塞尔是否真正建立起了存在论与现象学之间的关联?他的形式存在论又具有怎样的特征,能否经得起真正的检验?虽然胡塞尔的存在论自成一体,但若以海德格尔的"存在问题"来透视,胡塞尔的存在论在"形式的普遍性"和现象学的"还原"方法上便显露出了不足。胡塞尔之后,现象学试图建立一种没有自我的存在学说,并且总是在不断扩展现象学的可能性。现象学的伟大之处就在于"可能性超越了现实性"。

Husserl devoted his whole life to set up 'a real and universal ontology'. In his phenomenology, there was a ontological conception,which was well expressed by his formal ontology.However, one should answer these questions: Did he really set up the relation of ontology and phenomenology? What is the characteristic of his ontology? Is it able to stand up examination? Although Husserl's ontology has its own style, but from Heidegger's problem of Being, his ontology had its defect in the aspect of 'formal universality' and the phenomenological method of reduction. After Husserl,phenomenology tried to establish a theory of being without self. It constantly developed the possibility of phenomenology. All in all, the greatness of Phenomenology is that 'possibility is higher than actuality'.