一个应对意识“难问题”的方法论救治——瓦雷拉的“神经现象学”思想评析

A Methodological Remedy for the “Difficult Issues” of Consciousness: A Comment on F. J.Varela's Thoughts on Neuro-phenomenology

瓦雷拉的"神经现象学"是应对意识"难问题"中最为系统且最具影响力的研究方案之一。他的这一思想是在当代意识自然化和查尔默斯提出的意识"难问题"的影响下提出来的。这一思想的提出有其涉身动力学科学基础和"中道认识论"哲学基础。它以意识体验的不可还原性为出发点,把胡塞尔的现象学和认知科学统一起来,采取了对意识的第一人称数据和第三人称数据之间的互惠关联和约束的方法论来解决意识"难问题"。瓦雷拉的这一思想具有积极的理论意义,也存在着现有的问题。

F. J. Varela's 'neuro-phenomenology' is one of the best systems and influential research plans in dealing with the problems of consciousness. His thought is formed under the influence of the naturalization of contemporary consciousness and the 'difficult issues' of consciousness that Chalmers raised. Putting forward this thought requires it's scientific foundation(embodied dynamics)and philosophical foundation(epistemology of middle way). With the irreversible quality of conscious experience as its starting point, this thought unifies Husserl's phenomenology and cognitive science. It adopts the methodology to connect and constrain each other between the first person and the third person's datum to solve the 'difficult issues' of consciousness. F. J. Varela's thought is not only theoretically significant but also problematic.