除权判决撤销之诉:权利救济与程序安定的冲突与平衡——民事诉讼法第223条解读

The Suit of Discharging the Invalidating Judgment: Conflict and Balance Between Right Relief and Procedural Stability——Interpretation of PRC Civil Procedure Law Article 223

对于在公示催告程序中利害关系人因正当理由不能在判决前向人民法院申报权利,法院作出除权判决的情形,民事诉讼法第223条规定可以向作出判决的人民法院起诉,但对于该起诉的性质、对方当事人以及可得提出诉讼请求等都没有明确。司法实务中所谓除权判决不具有既判力的见解和做法缺乏法理依据。利害关系人依据该条文提起的诉讼,应当是通过一定的方式撤销错误的除权判决,从法条的文义、立法的目的、民法的机理以及现行民事诉讼法增设的第三人撤销之诉等视角进行解读,民事诉讼法第223条建立的除权判决司法救济制度应当是除权判决撤销之诉。

In the procedure of Publicizing Public Notice for Assertion of Claims （ PPNAC）, if a po- tential interested party fails to apply to the people＇ s court for his rights due to justified reasons, the court may accordingly render invalidating judgment. In accordance with the PRC Civil Procedure Law Article 223, the party can bring suit to the court rendering the judgment. However, there are no articles in the Law specifying the nature of the suit, the other party and the claim. In judicial practice, the idea and practice that invalidating judgment does not have res judicata lack legal basis. The suit, brought by the interested party on Article 223, is a way to discharge the erroneous invali- dating judgment. The article argues that the invalidating judgment judicial relief system based on Ar- ticle 223 is suit of discharging the invalidating judgment, and goes further to defend the argument in the following aspects ： literal interpretation of law, legislative purpose, mechanism of civil law, the third party discharging judgment added by the current Civil Procedure Law.