中国人力资本回报率的城乡差异——基于中国综合社会调查数据的分析

An Analysis of the Differentials of the Rates of Return to Human Capital between Urban and Rural Labor Force in China- Analysis Based on Data of Chinese General Social Survey

通过教育回报率、任期回报率和其他经验回报率三个方面考察中国人力资本回报率的城乡差异,研究结果发现:(1)受教育年限对于城镇劳动力和农村劳动力的工资水平都有显著的正向影响,现职任职期和其他工作经验对于城镇劳动力的工资水平都有显著的正向影响,但对农村劳动力的工资水平均不存在显著影响,这说明提高受教育年限是提高农村劳动力工资水平的主要途径。(2)人力资本回报率存在显著的城乡差异,城乡劳动力教育回报率的差异在2%左右,任期回报率的差异也在2%左右,而其他经验回报率的差异在1%左右。人力资本回报率的城乡差异违背了劳动力市场的竞争性,成为劳动力市场进一步完善的阻碍。

Through the analysis on the rates of return to schooling,tenure and other experience,the differentials of the rates of return to human capital between urban and rural labor force in China are examined. The evidence confirms that：（ 1） the years of schooling has a significant positive impact on the wages of urban and rural labor force. Tenure and other experience also have significant positive influence on wages of the urban labor force,but not on the wages of rural labor force.So extension of the years of schooling is the main way to raise the wage level of the rural labor force.（ 2） There exist significant differences between urban and rural labor force as regard to the rate of return to human capital,as the gap is about 2% in the rates of return schooling,about 2% in tenure and 1% in other experience. The differences go against with the competition of the labor market and will be the obstacles to the improvement of labor market.