婴幼儿期起病的儿童哮喘与母亲孕期相关因素分析

Association between some factors in maternal pregnancy and childhood asthma with an onset before 3 years of age

目的探讨婴幼儿期起病的儿童哮喘与母亲孕期相关因素的关系,为今后儿童哮喘的防治工作及发病机制的深入研究提供依据。方法采用回顾性临床流行病学调查方法,选取3岁前起病的哮喘患儿100例,并随机选取无过敏性疾患的儿童100例作为对照,通过对患儿母亲问卷调查的形式,询问儿童一般情况、病史资料、个人及家族过敏史资料、围生期资料、母亲孕期饮食、疾病、环境暴露等情况。主要调查指标经初步分析后进行筛选和赋值,运用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析方法对资料进行分析。结果单因素及多因素logistic回归分析均显示胎儿性别、孕前特应性疾病史、孕期呼吸道感染史及孕期鱼虾蟹类、水果类、肉类、辛辣食品摄入量7个因素与婴幼儿期起病的儿童哮喘有显著相关性,其OR值依次为2.868、5.051、4.640、3.746、2.971、3.075、2.225(P<0.05)。结论婴幼儿期起病的儿童哮喘与母亲怀孕期间多种因素相关,预防孕期呼吸道感染,孕期合理饮食可减少婴幼儿期起病的儿童哮喘的发病风险。

Objective To study the association between some factors in maternal pregnancy and childhood asthma with an onset before 3 years of age, and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of childhood asthma and further research on its pathogenesis. Methods A retrospective clinical epidemiological study was carried out in 100 children with asthma （age of onset〈3 years） and 100 children without allergic disease who were randomly selected as controls. The related information of children and mothers was investigated by questionnaire survey, including general information, medical history, personal and family allergic history, perinatal data, and mothers＆#39; health and lifestyle during their pregnancy such as diet, disease, and environmental exposure. The main survey indices were preliminarily analyzed, selected, and assigned, and then the data were subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the fetal sex, history of atopic disease before pregnancy, history of respiratory infection in pregnancy, and the intake of ifsh, shrimp, crab, meat and spicy food in pregnancy were signiifcantly associated with childhood asthma with an onset before 3 years of age, with odds ratios of 2.868, 5.051, 4.640, 3.746, 2.971, 3.075, and 2.225, respectively. Conclusions Many factors in maternal pregnancy are associated with childhood asthma with an onset before 3 years of age, and the risk of which can be reduced by the prevention of respiratory infection and appropriate diet in pregnancy.