中国近海海洋锋和锋面预报研究进展

Review of Ocean Front in Chinese Marginal Seas and Frontal Forecasting

海洋锋是水文要素特性不同的2个水团之间的狭窄过渡带,是一种重要的中尺度海洋现象,对渔业、军事和海洋环境保护等许多领域有重要影响,已经成为近年来物理海洋学以及海洋交叉学科中的重要课题之一。中国近海由于众多环流、水团和涡旋在此交汇,海洋锋现象十分显著,近年来,我国学者对中国近海的海洋锋产生机制和变化规律取得了一定的进展。首先从实测水文资料分析、遥感资料分析和数值模拟3个方面分别回顾了黄海、东海、南海北部等中国近海海域海洋锋的研究进展。对于海洋锋的预报研究,我国起步较晚,但目前对近海海洋锋预报的需求十分迫切。回顾总结了国外海洋锋预报的进展,集中介绍了黑潮锋、冰岛—法罗群岛锋、湾流锋和墨西哥湾锋面涡旋的预报方法和现状,最后对如何开展中国近海海洋锋预报提出思考和展望。

Ocean front is transition zone between two water mass with different hydrological features. Ocean front is an important mesoseale phenomenon, which has important signiflcances in various fields, such as fishery, environment protection and marine military defense. Thus, ocean front becomes one of the key points in the physi- cal oceanography and also in the inter-disciplinary studies. In Chinese marginal seas, ocean front is very importrant because of complex situation of water mass, circulation and eddies. In recent years, researchers have studied the distribution characteristics and the dynamic mechanism of fronts in Chinese marginal seas based on in-situ hydrogra- phic data, remote sensing satellite data, theoretical analysis and numerical model. In this paper, we review the progress of fronts in the Yellow Sea, East China Sea and the northern part of South China Sea. In our country, the research on frontal forecasting is still in the beginning stage, but forecast of ocean front is strongly demanded in China. Progress about forecasting of Kuroshio front, Gulf Stream front, frontal eddies in Gulf of Mexico and Ice- land-Faeroe front is introduced in this paper. In addition, some thoughts and prospects about developing frontal forecast system in Chinese marginal seas are presented.