氯胺酮在家兔死后体内的弥散研究

The postmortem diffusion of ketamine in rabbits

目的研究氯胺酮在大白兔体内死后弥散过程和再分布机制。方法 48只实验大白兔随机分为8组,采用缺氧处死后以150mg/kg氯胺酮灌胃,尸体仰卧位于室温下放置;在0~96h内分8个时间点各解剖1组,提取体液和脏器组织样品;采用GC/MS法定性结合GC-NPD法定量检测样品中氯胺酮含量,并计算心血/外周血中氯胺酮含量的比值。结果大白兔死后氯胺酮灌胃尸体放置96h内,脑、尿液、玻璃体液、左上/下肢肌肉样本中均未检测到氯胺酮,心血、外周血、心肌、脾、肾、肝、肺、胆汁中氯胺酮含量随死后时间呈动态升高的变化;其中距离胃较近的组织（如脾）较早检测到含量较高的氯胺酮,而距离较远的组织或体液中氯胺酮含量较低且较晚检测到;心血/外周血中氯胺酮含量比值为1.73。结论氯胺酮在家兔体内存在死后再分布,从胃到器官组织、心血顺浓度梯度弥散是主要机制。脑、玻璃体液、尿液、肢体肌肉不受死后弥散的影响,可作为生前服毒与死后染毒氯胺酮的鉴别依据。

Objective To investigate the postmortem diffusion and postmortem redistribution mechanism of ketamine in rabbits. Methods Forty-eight rabbits were randomly divided into eight groups. The experimental groups were sacrificed by hypoxia, then given ketamine by intragastric with 150mg/kg. The rabbits were placed in a supine position at ambient temperatures. The body fluid and tissues were collected during 96h in eight different postmortem time. The ketamine concentrations were determined using GC/MS and GC-NPD. The ratio of cardiac blood to peripheral blood（C/P） was calculated. Results During the 96h after death, the ketamine were not detected in brain, vitreous humor, urine and left upper/lower limb muscles. The ketamine content in cardiac muscle, cardiac blood, peripheral blood, kidney, spleen, lungs, liver and bile were increased with postmortem interval time. The concentration of ketemine in samples such as spleen which is near the gastric were earlier and higher than the samples far away from the gastric. The ratio of C/P was 1.73. Conclusion The postmortem redistribution of ketamine in rabbits was observed and postmortem diffusion is the important mechamism. The brain, vitreous humor, urine and muscles is not influenced by postmortem diffusion. So, it can be used to identify the ketamine administration during life or after death according to detected ketamine in these samples.