家兔颅脑钝性损伤模型的建立

Establishment of craniocerebral blunt injury model in rabbit

目的采用撞击器模拟棍棒形成的颅脑损伤,建立颅脑钝性损伤动物模型。方法 26只大白兔分为重度损伤组(10只)、轻度损伤组(10只)和对照组(6只),采用第三军医大学设计的Ⅱ型卧式生物撞击器,撞击参数设置为重度损伤:550k Pa/cm2,轻度损伤:450k Pa/cm2,撞击深度(10mm)。撞击后在相同时间内,观察各组家兔临床症状和体征、解剖学及组织病理学变化,组间进行比较。结果对照组未见明显的病理变化。轻度致伤组除轻度的皮下出血、蛛网膜下腔出血、线性骨折外,未见其它损伤,符合AIS评分轻度损伤标准(≤2分)。重度致伤组有明显的骨折、脑挫裂伤和颅内出血,符合重度损伤标准(≥4分)。轻、重度致伤组都未见明显的皮肤挫裂伤。结论本实验建立的重度和轻度损伤模型差异明显,且符合相关标准,该动物模型可以应用于相关研究。

Objective To establish craniocerebral blunt injury model in rabbit by using the type Ⅱ horizontal biological impact machine striking in the top parts of rabbits. Methods Using type Ⅱhorizontal biological impact machine designed by Third Military Medical University to control the impact strength （group 1 ： 450kpa/cm2, group 2 ： 550kpa/cm2） and impact depth（1.0cm） as external force parameters and to control the constant impact time in order to observe the clinical symptoms and signs and pathological changes of brain damage in the rabbits in the different impact force. Results Mild injury group presented only mild subcutaneous hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, which conformed to mild injury criteria （AIS score ≤ 2） and the pathological changes were not observed in control group. Severe injury group shown such injuries as intracranial hemorrhage, brain contusion and obvious fracture, which conformed to severe injury criterion（ I〉 4）. The skin contusion and laceration were not observed in both groups of the slight and severe injuries. Conclusion The craniocerebral blunt injury model in rabbit and its injury device is useful to analyze the striking position accurately and provide the basis for estimation of the instrument causing the trauma.