肾上腺素能受体信号对免疫细胞的功能调控及其在慢性牙周炎中的作用

Regulatory effects of adrenergic signals on the function of immune cells in chronic periodontitis

在慢性牙周炎的发生发展过程中,牙周组织破坏的致病机理包括细菌的直接破坏和宿主的免疫炎症反应,其中宿主的免疫炎症反应发挥关键作用已得到公认。宿主的免疫炎症反应对牙周致病菌及其毒性产物具有防御作用,但牙周组织中持续存在的免疫炎症反应在杀菌作用的同时也产生大量的促炎因子,从而导致牙槽骨的吸收。目前,情绪应激等导致交感神经系统的激活已成为慢性牙周炎发生和发展的重要危险因素。机体交感神经纤维所释放的去甲肾上腺素对免疫细胞的功能具有调控作用。因此交感神经系统可通过直接或间接作用参与慢性牙周炎的发展过程。本文就肾上腺素能受体信号对免疫细胞的功能调控及其在慢性牙周炎中的作用作一综述。

In the development of chronic periodontitis, the mechanisms of the destruction of periodontal tis-sues include direct damages caused by bacteria and inflammatory reactions of the host, of which the inflammation has been recognized to play a key role. The host immune reactions protect against bacterial plaques and their toxic prod-ucts. However at the same time, the persistent abnormal activation of immune reactions results in overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to resorption of the alveolar bone. For now, activation of sympathetic nervous system （ SNS） by emotional stress has become a major risk factor for chronic periodontitis. Many studies have discov-ered regulatory capacity of norepinephrine （NE）, the primary neurotransmitter secreted by SNS, on the functions of immune cells, thus the host SNS directly or indirectly participates in the development of chronic periodontitis. This re-view focuses on the regulatory effects of adrenergic signals on the function of immune cells in chronic periodontitis.