东汉支谶化梵为汉“合璧词”探析

The study of Buddhist Hybrid Chinese(BHC) Words in Zhi-chen's scriptures

主要对东汉支谶译经中"合璧词"的使用情况和类型特点进行探讨。经书共计1879个复音词,其中合璧词有81个,数量虽然不多,但很好地体现了汉语与梵语水乳交融的特点。通过考察,合璧词可以细分为三类:"化梵为汉"合璧词、"梵汉同义(近义)"合璧词以及"半音译+半意译"合璧词。支谶译经中还有几个构词数量较多的语素,如"佛、魔"等,它们虽然属于梵语音译,但其外来词身份已经淡化,因而也是构成"合璧词"的重要成分。

This paper mainly discusses the Buddhist Hybrid Chinese（BHC） of Zhi-chen＇s scriptures from the angels of ＂quantity＂ and ＂type＂. There are 1879 disyllabic and polysyllabic words in the scriptures,and the Buddhist Hybrid Chinese words are 81.Though the number is not too much,it makes Chinese and Sanscrit get along swimmingly with each other. From the angle of the morpheme and they can be divided into three types： ＂化梵为汉＂合璧词、＂梵汉同义（近义）＂合璧词以及＂半音译＋半意译＂合璧词. There are some morphemes which can produce many new words,such as＂佛（Buddha）、魔（devi）l.＂Though they are transliterated words from Sanscrit,they can be neglected that they are ＂foreign words＂. They are also very important to form words.