枸杞枝条基质化发酵工艺及参数优化

Parameter optimization of fermented substrate from wolfberry shoots

为探讨枸杞枝条最优基质化发酵工艺及参数优化。试验采用正交设计,以枸杞枝条为主要原料,干燥鸡粪、油饼和尿素为氮源,粗纤维素降解菌、EM复合益菌和BM复合益菌为接种外源微生物,研究了碳氮比、微生物菌剂、氮源类型及氮源配比对枸杞枝条发酵性能参数(温度、碳素、氮素、容重、孔隙度和种子发芽指数等)的影响。结果表明,调整碳氮比为30:1、接种粗纤维素降解菌、添加油饼氮源、氮源配比为3:1的处理有利于堆体保持较长时间的高温(>50℃,分别达到12、13、12和12 d,>55℃,达到8、9、9和7 d),可缩短枸杞枝条腐熟的时间;碳氮比、微生物菌剂和氮源类型对总有机碳、C/N值降低有显著性作用,碳氮比、氮源类型及氮源配比对全氮和硝态氮值增加有显著性作用,对铵态氮的变化无显著性作用;碳氮比、微生物菌剂、氮源类型及氮源配比对基质容重、总孔隙度、持水孔隙和通气孔隙的变化均无显著性影响,对枸杞枝条基质腐熟参数影响均有显著性作用,对种子发芽指数的影响主次顺序为:碳氮比>氮源配比>微生物菌剂>氮源类型。综合考虑,枸杞枝条最优基质化发酵工艺组合为,调整碳氮比为30:1、接种粗纤维降解菌、添加鸡粪或油饼氮源、氮源配比为3:1。利用发酵将枸杞枝条生产为园艺基质不仅解决了农业废弃物的循环利用点问题,而且还为补充或替代不可再生的园艺草炭基质生产提供了原料的来源和降低基质栽培的成本,具有一定的研究价值和现实意义。

This paper explored the optimal substrate of wolfberry shoots for fermentation process and parameters. The study used an orthogonal experimental design with wolfberry shoots as the main raw material, dried chicken manure, cake, and urea as a nitrogen source, cellulose degrading bacteria, and EM complex composite bacteria and BM complex composite bacteria for the inoculation of exogenous microorganism. The effect of carbon and nitrogen ratio, microbial agents, nitrogen type, and nitrogen ratio on the fermentation process of wolfberry shoots for substrate production were studied. The parameters included composting temperature, carbon, nitrogen, bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity, air filled porosity, germination index, and C/N ratio. The results showed that adjusting the carbon and nitrogen ratio of 30：1, crude cellulose degrading bacteria inoculation, adding chicken or cake nitrogen, organic nitrogen： Inorganic nitrogen is 3：1 pile faster and longer duration of high temperature （above 50℃, respectively, 12, 13,12 and 12 d, more than 55℃, respectively reached 8, 9, 9 and 7d）, accumulated a higher temperature, shortening the maturity time of the wolfberry shoots powder; carbon and nitrogen ratio, microbial agents, nitrogen type and nitrogen type had significant influence on total organic carbon and C/N value of a pile, carbon and nitrogen ratio, nitrogen type and nitrogen ratio had significant influence on total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, carbon and nitrogen ratio, microbial agents , carbon and nitrogen ratio, microbial agents, nitrogen type, and nitrogen ratio had no significant influence on ammonium nitrogen; Nitrogen type and nitrogen ratio of matrix on bulk density, total porosity, pore water retention, and aeration porosity had no significant influence, but the impact on the Chinese wolfberry shoots maturity matrix parameters were significant , carbon and nitrogen ratio, microbial agents , nitrogen type and nitrogen ratio of matrix effects on the seed germination index （GI） are important in this order： N ratio ＆gt; ratio ＆gt; microbial agents ＆gt; nitrogen type. Taken together, the optimal substrate of wolfberry shoots for fermentation process and parameters carbon and nitrogen ratio of 30：1, inoculation crude fiber degrading bacteria inoculation, adding chicken or cake nitrogen, organic nitrogen： and inorganic nitrogen was 3：1. The research on how to change wolfberry shoots into a horticultural substrate through composting can not only solve the problem of an agricultural waste recycling point, but also supplement or replace non-renewable production of horticultural peat substrate, provide a source of raw materials, and reduce the cost of substrate cultivation, with some research value and practical significance.