不同水肥调控措施对土壤水分及制种玉米产量的影响

Effects of different water and nutrient schedules on farmland moisture and seed maize yield

为探求西北内陆干旱地区制种玉米合理的水肥调控措施,在石羊河流域中游地区开展田间试验,设置了灌水定额（A）、灌水次数（B）、次追肥量（C）和追肥次数（D）的L9（34）正交试验.结果表明,当灌水定额大于400 m^3/hm^2时,对制种玉米大喇叭口期的深层（60-100 cm）土壤水分含量影响显著,同时能明显延长制种玉米的营养生长周期,促进物株高增长;不同试验因素相比,灌水定额效应最大,依次为灌水次数、追肥次数和次追肥量,次追肥量的效应最小.垄膜沟灌条件下,制种玉米全生育期灌水6次（播种、拔节期、大喇叭口期、抽穗期、灌浆期、成熟期）,灌水定额为500 m^3/hm^2,灌溉定额为3 000 m^3/hm^2,拔节期追施N肥1次（追肥量200 kg/hm^2）为最优水肥调控措施.

In order to achieve efficiently utilize water and fertilizer of seed maize in Shiyanghe basin,field experiments were conducted to study the effect of 4 factors,irrigation quota（ A）; irrigation frequency（ B）; topdressing frequency（ C）; topdressing quota（ D）,with 3 levels respectively on soil moisture and seed maize yields under ridges and furrows irrigation systems with film mulching. Results showed that irrigation quota had significant effect on the soil moisture of 60- 100 cm soil profile in jointing when irrigation quota is more than 400 m^3/ hm^2. In addition,it could significantly extend the vegetative growth cycle of seed maize and improve crop plant height; In comparison with other experimental factors,irrigation quota has the maximum effect,followed by irrigation frequency,topdressing frequency and topdressing quota. The water and nutrient schedule with irrigation quota of 500 m^3/ hm^2 and total irrigation quota of 3 000 m^3/ hm^2 with 6 irrigation frequency（ seeding,pre-jointing,later jointing,heading,filling,mature,respectively） and topdressing quota of 200 kg / hm^2 in jointing,was effective and optimal in Shiyanghe basin.