核设施环境影响人体健康评价初步探讨

Preliminary Study on Human Health and Environmental Effect Assessment of Nuclear Facilities

目的目前我国尚无核设施环境影响人体健康评价方面的技术导则和相关标准。本文对核设施环境影响人体健康评价体系进行初步探讨,搭建初步研究框架。方法根据核设施相关环境影响报告书的标准格式与内容,参照国家环保部发布的非核设施环境影响人体健康评价的技术导则征求意见稿,应用人类辐射危害评价的相关内容及方法构建评价体系。结果根据建立的评价工作程序和评价基本内容开展评价工作,采用健康危险度评价方法,根据我国核设施和人群结构特点,选择适合我国核设施环境影响人体健康的评价模型及参数,确定辐射危险系数,最后计算人体不同部位致癌的危害概率和全身的危害概率水平。根据健康危险度的评价结果,制定针对周围环境人群的减缓措施。结论进行核设施环境影响人体健康评价,对我国核设施决策、管理及公众可接受度方面具有重要意义。

Objective At present,there is no technical guildance and elated standard about the effect of nuclear facility environment on human health. In the paper,the evaluation system of the effect of the environment of nuclear facilities on human health was discussed to formulate a preminary research framework. Methods According to the standard format and human health evaluation technical guildance related with the impact of nuclear facility environment,referring to theconsultation paper of the technical guidance of environmental impact of non- nuclear facilities on human health issued by the Ministry of environment protection,the evaluation system was formulated by applying the related content and method of huaman radiation hazard.Results Evaluation was carried out according to the formed evaluation procedure and the health risk evaluation contents. Radiation risk coefficient was determined by the nuclear facilities and population situation,and the evaluation model and parameters. Carcinogenic damage probability of the different body parts was finally calculated by the health evaluation. Mitigation measures was made by the health evaluation results. Conclusion It is of great signicance to carry out human health risk evaluation in decision- making,management and public acceptance of nuclear facilities.