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近代中国关于化肥利弊的争论 被引量:15

Debate on Pros and Cons of Chemical Fertilizer Use in Modern China
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摘要 20世纪20—30年代,西方化学肥料的输入及其在中国沿海地区农业生产中的应用与推广,将舶来肥料与中国传统有机肥的矛盾推到了风口浪尖,引发了中国社会关于化肥优劣利弊的激烈争论。人们或以传统天然肥料作参照,强调化肥本身的优点,支持化肥的施用与推广;或指出化肥的各种弊端,反对化肥的销售和施用;或认为化肥对农业发展有益,而化肥进口却会造成财政漏卮,提倡中国自造化肥。这场持续近20年的肥料论战,促进了中国人对于化肥与有机肥的认识、管理和利用,推动了中国近代有机肥与化肥配合施用方针的形成,也体现出近代农学家强烈的社会责任感。相关言论和观点对于当今社会倡导化肥的合理使用,保护农业生态具有一定的借鉴价值。 Between 1920's and 1930's,when chemical fertilizer was first introduced by westerners and then widely applied and promoted in the agricultural activities in the coastal areas of China,the contradiction between the Chinese traditional organic fertilizer and the imported chemical fertilizer became so sheer that the advantages and disadvantages of chemical fertilizer was seriously debated throughout China.Some people compared chemical fertilizer to China's traditional fertilizer,proving the advantages of chemical fertilizer,and therefore supported its promotion and application. Some others,however,pointed out the bad influences the chemical fertilizer induced and disapproved its application. There was also another group of people who supported a ban on imported chemical fertilizer,not because of its effects on China' s agriculture development,but because of its potential threats on China's financial condition; they proposed to develop China' s own fertilizer industry.This debate lasted for 10 years,during which time the understandings about both kinds of fertilizer were deepened,management strengthened,applications widened,a suitable set of principles combining the use of the two kinds of fertilizer formed. The great sense of social responsibility of modern China' s agronomists was also revealed by this debate. Relevant arguments and points of view presented in the debate are worth consideration and referring to in today's efforts in the appropriate use of chemical fertilizer and protection of agricultural environment.
出处 《南京农业大学学报(社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2015年第1期114-122,127,共9页 Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金 江苏省高校哲学社会科学重点研究基地招标项目"太湖地区农业与农村发展研究"(苏教社政2010-03号)
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