熔体注气法与熔体发泡法制备泡沫铝的压缩性能研究

Research on the compressive properties of aluminum foams prepared by gas injection and melt foaming

比较研究了熔体注气法与熔体发泡方法制备的闭孔泡沫铝性能和组织结构。压缩试验表明,相同密度下,熔体发泡法制备的泡沫铝性能优于熔体注气法。相应的SEM观察表明,熔体注气法制备的泡沫铝泡孔表现为多面体形状,SiC颗粒密度高,泡孔壁薄、褶皱多。冶金组织复杂,氧化明显,表现出明显的脆性。熔体发泡法制备的泡沫铝孔洞形状为球形,孔壁较厚,泡壁相对平整、结构完整。因孔洞结构和组织结构差异导致2种方法制备的泡沫铝材料压缩性能差异明显。

Uniaxial compression tests were carried out to study the aluminum foams prepared by different methods. The results show that the aluminum foams prepared by melt foaming method are much better than that made by gas injection. The microstructures and components of aluminum foams prepared by gas injection and melt foaming were observed by SEM to analyze the effects of aluminum foams preparation methods on the compressive properties. It is shown that the cells of aluminum foams prepared by gas injection are polyhedral shape with thin thickness and folded wall; the relatively high silicon carbide （SIC） content and heavy oxidation lead to high brittleness of aluminum foams. Aluminum foams fabricated by melt foaming method have circular cells with thick and smooth wall. Due to the differences of cell structure and microstructure, these two aluminum foams have quite different compressive properties.