2010-2014年衢州市狂犬疫苗及免疫球蛋白应用分析

Application of rabies vaccine and human rabies immunoglobulin in Quzhou,Zhejiang,2010- 2014

目的分析衢州市狂犬疫苗及免疫球蛋白接种情况,提高狂犬病防治效果,同时为合理采购、科学使用及疫苗库存管理提供依据。方法收集2010-2014年衢州市各乡、县(市、区)狂犬病暴露人群情况月份汇总报表,统计疫苗及免疫球蛋白的接种数据,用月占比、季节指数和接种率分析其现状及原因。结果 2010-2014年狂犬疫苗共接种103 888份,接种量逐年递增;5 10月接种量大,季节指数均超过100%;12月至次年3月接种量小,季节指数不超过80%;Ⅲ级暴露者狂犬病人免疫球蛋白接种率较低仅17.20%,接种量月占比、季节指数变化明显,趋同狂犬疫苗。结论狂犬疫苗及免疫球蛋白的接种量夏秋季大冬春季小,Ⅲ级暴露者免疫球蛋白接种率低;要根据季节变化等因素合理配备疫苗及库存,对群众和专业人员要加强宣教、培训工作。

Objective To understand the application of rabies vaccine and human rabies immunoglobulin （HRIG） in the prevention and control of rabies in Quzhou, Zhejiang province, and provide evidence for the vaccine purchasing, use and stockpile management. Methods The data about the immunization of rabies vaccine and HRIG, including monthly vaccination dose, seasonal index and coverage rate, were collected in Quzhou during 2010 -2014. Results A total of 103 888 doses of rabies vaccine were given during this period, and the vaccination doses increased with year. The annual vaccination doses peaked during May-October with the seasonal index 〉 100%. Less vaccination doses were given during December-March with the seasonal index 〈 80%. The HRIG injection rate was only 17.20% for grade III exposure, and the monthly injection doses and seasonal index varied obviously, similar to those of rabies vaccine. Conclusion More doses of rabies vaccine were give in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. The HRIG injection rate was low for grade Ill exposure. It is necessary to adjust the stockpile of the vaccine according to its seasonal need and strengthen the health education for the publics and the training for the health providers.