现代民族国家认同的冲突与重构

The crisis and reconstruction of the identity of a modern nation-state

现代国家往往由多个民族构成。公民在通过政治制度建构其国家认同的同时,还要抽离出族众的身份,以文化性的姿态维系本族群中的民族认同。因此,现代民族国家认同本身便包含着文化与政治的双重属性:族众对同胞——民族共同体的认同具有强烈的文化性;公民对身份——政治共同体的认同具有鲜明的政治性。全球化时代的民族国家认同的重构,必须(1)整合文化价值与公民身份,促进社会成员对民族文化与国家制度的理性服从,将公众政治价值中的一些基本理念内化成固有的政治信仰与心态;(2)健全政治价值系统与制度文明,实现政治价值社会化过程,确立公民对国家的政治忠诚;(3)拓展政治动员能力、社会组织能力以及公共服务能力,从而优化国家治理的结构与体系。

Modern nations are often composed of multi - ethnic groups. Citizens construct their national identity through the political system, and, at the same time, also identify themselves with their own ethnic groups through their cultural attitudes. So the identity of a modem nation - state itself contains the dual nature of culture and politics ： the identity of the compatriots or ethnic community reveals a strong cultural trait while the identity of the citizens or their identity with their political community has a distinct political trait. The reconstruction of the identity of a nation - state in the era of globalization must integrate its cultural value and citizenship, promote its social members to reasonably respect its national culture and political system and interiorize some basic concepts of the public and polit- ical value into their inherent political beliefs and attitudes, establish a sound political value system and civilization, realize the sociali- zation process of political value, guarantee its citizens＇ political loyalty to the nation - state, improve the abilities of political mobiliza- tion and social organization as well as public services in order to optimize the structure and system of the governance of a nation - state.