抗战时期中共民族主义的理论与实践

Theory and Practice of CPC's Nationalism during the Anti-Japanese War

抗战时期是中国民族主义发展的重要阶段,在日军大举入侵中国的历史背景下,民族主义成为中国社会的急迫诉求,是否高举民族主义的大旗成为当时判断一种政权及其政策合法与否的重要标准,能否成功地对最广大的民众进行有效的民族主义动员更是当时中国各政治势力面临的巨大挑战。中共理论体系中的国际主义因素及其与苏联和共产国际的密切关系使之自20世纪20年代以来便被国民党批判为反民族、无国家,但随着抗战的开始和扩大,它却逐步在与国民党关于民族主义的话语权之争中占据了上风,正是在此期间它对中国民族主义的诠释获得巨大反响并成功动员了大众。本文聚焦于抗战时期中共民族主义的理论与实践,指出其在民族与国际、民族与家族之间的辨别和摸索同时导向了共产主义的中国化以及中国传统观念的现代化,体现了中国民族主义探索的一种新形式。

During the Anti- Japanese War when there was massive Japanese invasion,nationalism became the greatest and most urgent appeal in China. The legitimacy of a political power and the policy it adopted were judged by whether or not it upheld nationalism,and how to use nationalism to mobilize the greatest number of people was a formidable challenge facing the various political powers in that period. The remarkable internationalist element in its ideology,together with its close relationship with Soviet Union and the Communist International,had put the Communist Party of China under the attack by the Nationalist Party for being anti-national and anti- state since 1920 s. However,as the War developed,the Communist Party gradually won the upper hand over the Nationalist Party in the debate over nationalism. During this period,the Communist Party's exposition of Chinese nationalism got tremendous repercussion and successfully called a large populace to its rally.This essay is focused on the Communist Party's theory and practice with regard to nationalism during the Warand tries to demonstrate how the Communist Party,by sorting its way through nationalism vs. internationalism and nation vs. family,finally achieved a new form of Chinese nationalism characterized by sinicized communism and modernized traditional Chinese ideology.