中国革命再探讨：阶级视角的回归

A Re-investigation into Chinese Revolution:Return to the Class Perspective

本文从已经成为常识的共产主义的"失败"话语出发,在所谓"历史终结"的新自由主义世界重新探讨共产主义国家的本质,阶级、政党与革命之间的关系。以巴丢和鲁索为代表的西方左翼思想家,出现了抛弃政党政治,追求去中心化的"没有政党的政治"。在他们看来,阶级政党的政治价值已丧失殆尽,党国体制已不合时宜。但我们通过考察中国共产主义革命的具体历史,意在指出,革命的对象或者说阶级敌人从来就是具体的,"文化大革命"并非革命的终点。巴丢和鲁索等没有认识到,无产阶级专政的目的是终结资产阶级专政,只要资产阶级政党存在,阶级关系存在,群众本身的力量还不够强大,这种专政就不可能消失,政党政治就不可能轻易被抛弃。这是我们从"文革"中得到的教训。

With the'failure'of communism,now a sound bite in political discourse,as the point of departure,this paper attempts to review the relationship between class,party and revolution in the context of the current neo- liberal world which is said to represent the'end of history.'Among western left- wing intellectuals,with Alain Badiou and Alessandro Russo as their representatives,there emerged a trend of abandoning party politics in search for a decentralized'politics without party.'According to them,class-party has run out of its political value and the party- state system has become obsolete. By reexamining the concrete history of Chinese communist revolution,this paper tries to argue that the object of revolution,or class enemy,is always real,and the Cultural Revolution is far from being the end of revolution. What Badiou and Russo fail to realize is that the aim of proletariat dictatorship is to put an end to bourgeois dictatorship. As long as the bourgeois party,and hence class politics,continue to exist,proletariat dictatorship must remain in place. This is the lesson we've learned from the Cultural Revolution.