党国体制与后政党政治——基于中国社会主义经验的讨论

Party-State System and Post-party Politics:A Discussion Based on Chinese Socialist Experience

20世纪是革命的世纪,也是政党政治的世纪,也就是说革命或者说解放政治总是与政党政治相勾连。但是在20世纪后期,因为"文革"的失败和60年代的终结,出现了否定阶级-政党政治的取向,这种取向以巴丢和鲁索为代表。对此,潘毅从中国革命的历史出发,批判了巴丢与鲁索的政党-形式形而上学,认为他们没有认识到在社会主义建设过程中,群众运动或解放政治的敌人并非纯粹的政党形式,而是资产阶级政党。巴丢和鲁索将资产阶级政党抽象为政党形式本身,从而提出告别政党政治和政党国家的理论。本文旨在分析向社会主义过渡时期先锋党内出现资产阶级政党的政治经济原因,并认为当下更需要党国体制与后政党政治良性互动,从而一方面避免党国体制的彻底官僚化,另一方面造就真正有活力的解放政治。

20th century is a century of revolution and,in the case of China,a century of party politics. Revolution,or emancipatory politics,is always intertwined with party politics. But at the end of the 20 th century,due to the failure of the Cultural Revolution and the closing of 1960 s,there emerged an intellectual trend of negating class- party politics,as represented by Alain Badiou and Alessandro Russo. Pun Ngai,from the perspective of the history of Chinese revolution,criticizes Badiou's and Russo's metaphysics of party- form and points out their failure in realizing that the enemy of mass movement or of emancipatoty politics is not pure party- form,but the bourgeois party. Badiou and Russo take the bourgeois party as abstract party- form and theorize to bid farewell to party politics and party- state system. This paper analyzes the politico- economic cause of the emergence of the bourgeois party within the vanguard party during the transition to socialism and proposes that healthy interaction between party-state system and post-party politics is needed in order to avoid the radical bureaucratization of party-state system and to forge a really dynamic emancipatory politics.