国际法碎片化和国际法体系的效力

Fragmentation of International Law and Effect of International Legal System

国际法碎片化与国际法多元化是同一问题的不同表象。当今全球化背景下的国际法碎片化不过就是早己存在的特点扩大化。碎片化固然从一定程度上消耗了国际法体制内的资源分配,并从一定程度上影响了国际法作为一个大体系的综合效力,但该影响远还没有到达危害国际法体系综合效力和各分支效力的程度。现有国际法体系内的各种规则,包括国家条约义务,国际私法规则和国际条约解释规则等都能从不同角度化解或减轻碎片化引起的困难。只有当碎片化所导致的矛盾开始实质性地危害国家利益时,国家才会作出合理应对的博弈选择,以解决碎片化问题。而学界的使命之一是前瞻性地研究国际法碎片化的相关问题,并为国际社会需要解决碎片化问题提供有效的应对建议。为此目的,通过联合国相关机构协调不同国际法分支的规则是减少和避免碎片化对国际法体系冲击的有效手段之一。

Fragmentation of international law is a different face of pluralization of international law. The present phenomenon of fragmentation is nor more than an extended version of long existing features of fragmentation of international law in the era of globalization. Fragmentation to some extent has undoubtedly wasted some shared resources in the system of international law, and has to some extent undermined the synthesized effect of international law as a comprehensive system. However, such negative impacts have not reached such a level so much to endanger the validity of either the entire international law .system or the branch of international law. Various rules of present international law, including state treaty obligations, private interna- tional law and treaty interpretation, help us to resolve and alleviate difficulties of fragmentation from different perspectives. States are the players to resolve problems of international law. Only when the controversies caused by fragmentation begin to substantively endanger national interests, will the states make reasonable gaming option to combat the issue of fragmentation. The mission of academic is to study the relevant issues of fragmentation with forward thinking, and provide effective measures to deal with issues of fragmentation for international society. For such purpose, coordination of different rules of international law branches through the relevant institution of the United Nations is one of the effective ways to reduce and avoid negative im- pacts of fragmentation to the system of international law.