童年期创伤经历与抑郁症状：新兵积极心理品质的中介和调节效应

Childhood abuse and depression：the role of the positive mental characters for recruits as a mediator and moderator

目的 探讨新兵积极心理品质在童年期创伤经历与抑郁症状之间的中介和调节效应.方法 采用随机整群抽样法抽取南方某部1 925名16～24岁的男性新兵,运用童年期创伤经历问卷（CTQ-SF）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）和新兵积极心理品质评估问卷（PMCS-R）进行测评.结果 童年期创伤经历问卷的情感虐待为（6.11±1.69）分,躯体虐待为（5.49±1.32）分,性虐待为（5.61±1.45）分,情感忽视为（9.15±3.66）分,躯体忽视为（9.57±2.93）分;抑郁严重指数（0.45±0.11）;积极心理品质总均分（3.80±0.64）分.童年期创伤经历、抑郁症状和积极心理品质得分两两显著相关（均P＜0.05）;情感忽视、躯体忽视和情感虐待能有效预测抑郁症状,可共同解释其总变异的28.6％ （F=256.72,P＜0.05）;积极心理品质在情感忽视和抑郁症状、躯体忽视和抑郁症状、情感虐待和抑郁症状的关系中均有部分中介效应（中介效应分别为0.19,0.15和0.09）,但只在情感忽视和抑郁症状间调节效应显著（F=24.73,P＜0.05）.结论 童年期创伤经历不仅直接作用于新兵的抑郁症状,也能通过积极心理品质间接作用;同时,新兵的积极心理品质可以改变童年期创伤经历对抑郁症状的影响。

Objective To explore the mediating effect and moderating effect of positive mental characters in the relationship between childhood abuse and depression among recruits.Methods 1925 recruits aged from 16 ～24 were investigated using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 item Short Form （CTQ-SF）,Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS） and Positive Mental Characters Scale for Recruits （PMCS-R） through random cluster sampling.Results The scores of emotional abuse,physical abuse,sex abuse,emotional neglect,physical neglect,depression,positive mental characters were 6.11±1.69,5.49±1.32,5.61±1.45,9.15±3.66,9.57±2.93,0.45±0.11,3.80±0.64,respectively.There were correlations among childhood abuse,depression and positive mental characters （P〈0.05）.Emotional neglect,physical neglect and emotional abuse could explain 28.6% of the total variance of depression （F=256.72,P〈0.05）.The positive mental characters partially mediated the relationship between emotional neglect,physical neglect,emotional abuse and depression （mediating effect were 0.19,0.15 and 0.09,respectively）,and it could only moderate the relationship between emotional neglect and depression （F=24.73,P〈0.05）.Conclusion Childhood abuse not only directly but also indirectly affects depression through the positive mental characters;meanwhile the positive mental characters can change the relationship between childhood abuse and depression.