兔、羊脑泡型包虫病模型建立方法的比较

Comparison of modeling methods for alveolar echinococcosis in rabbit and sheep

目的 探讨泡状棘球蚴（Em）新西兰兔、新疆细绵羊脑病模型构建方法,并评价其可行性及实用性.方法 将57只兔分为3组,13只羊分为2批次,采用经颅穿刺法、颈动脉穿刺法接种不同浓度Em六勾蚴及生发层混悬液,建立模型.应用临床型3.0T磁共振扫描仪及病理方法评价模型.结果 两种模型总建模成功率为16.67％;羊、兔成模率分别为36.36％、12.24％.经颅穿刺法成模率为20.83％;进针深度小于0.5 cm成模率为5.56％,进针深度0.5 ～ 1.0 cm成模率为30.00％;接种液浓度1×107/L成模率为16.22％,2×107/L成模率为36.37％.颈动脉穿刺法建模成功0只.兔模型30 d磁共振成像（MRI）可检测出病灶;90 d两种模型MRI检出率与病理检测一致.结论 颅骨直接穿刺接种感染Em,建立新西兰兔、新疆细绵羊泡型包虫病（AE）脑病模型具有可行性;能够模拟自然疫源性AE脑病.兔模型成模时间短,经济性高,适合早期病变观察;羊模型生活期长,脑容积大,适合临床及MRI完整的评价病理过程.

Objective To explore the model building method of echinococcosis multilocularis in New Zealand rabbits and Xinjiang fine sheep and to evaluate its feasibility and practicability.Methods Fifty-seven rabbits were divided into 3 groups,and 13 sheep were divided into 2 batches.The different concentrations of Em suspension liquid were inoculated using the skull puncture method and cranial artery puncture method.The models were evaluated by clinical 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） scanner and the pathological methods.Results The overall success modeling rate of the two kinds of models was 16.67％.The success rate of sheep and rabbit was 36.36％ and 12.24％ respectively.The success modeling rate of skull puncture method was 20.83％.The success rate of the needle depth less than 0.5 cm was 5.56％.The success rate of the needle depth between 0.5 cm and 1.0 cm was 30％.The success modeling rate for AE suspension liquid of 1 × 107/L was 16.22％ and 36.37％ for 2 × 107/L respectively.There was no success case of carotid artery puncture modeling method.MRI can detect the lesions after 30 days of rabbit model building.MRI detection rate and pathological detection rate showed no significant difference after 90 days of rabbit and sheep model building.Conclusion The AE model of New Zealand rabbit and Xinjiang fine sheep is feasible using skull direct puncture of the suspension of onchosphere six-hooked larva and germinal membrane.The two methods can simulate disease of natural focus of AE encephalopathy.It spends short time for rabbit model building,and has high economical efficiency and suitable for observation of early pathological changes.On the other hand,the life period of sheep model is long and its brain size is large.The sheep model is suitable for completely evaluating the pathological process clinically and by MRI.